Biomarkers · Renal & Purine

Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1)

Lower values go with lower risk of death. No risk curve catalogued yet.

Published risk of death1.28×highest vs lowest quartile of urinary KIM-1/creatinine (95% CI 1.08–1.52) · Health ABC study community-dwelling older adults, mean age 74 y, 49% men, 41% black, USA

What studies found when this marker was changed

They describe what happened in those study groups, not a recommendation. See all catalogued interventions.

Measured changes in KIM-1, study by study

1 effect with a numeric size, each from one study arm: the dot is the reported change, the line its 95% interval where one was given. Green points move the marker the way lower risk of death lies; amber the other way. Study results in the groups studied, not predictions for a person.

Each row is one study: what was changed, the effect it reported on this marker, and the source.
Type	Intervention	Reported effect	Evidence	Source
pharmacologic	Empagliflozin 25 mg orally once daily for 48 weeks in adults with type 2 diabetes and heart failure with LVEF >45% (EFFORT-2)	Plasma KIM-1 reduced by 38% (95% CI -57% to -13%) vs placebo at week 48 in HFpEF with T2D	RCT	Elrakaybi A, et al. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2025. Effects of…

What else moves this marker

They describe those study groups, not an individual, and an association is not a cause.

Diseases and conditions

Each row is one study: what it compared and the change it reported in this marker.
What	Effect on the marker	Comparison · population	Source
↑ End-stage renal disease in CKD · CKD patients who progressed to ESRD vs CKD without ESRD	SMD +1.45 (95% CI 0.5 to 2.39)	CKD with ESRD vs CKD without ESRD · 21 studies, 15,983 CKD patients	meta analysis · PMID 40202988

Environmental and occupational exposures

Each row is one study: what it compared and the change it reported in this marker.
What	Effect on the marker	Comparison · population	Source
↑ Organophosphate pesticides (urinary diethyl phosphate metabolites) · per 1 SD increase in sum of urinary diethyl OP metabolites, children with CKD (urinary KIM-1)	+11.9 percent per 1 SD increase in sum of urinary diethyl OP metabolites, children with CKD (urinary KIM-1) (95% CI 4.8 to 19.4)	per 1 SD increase in urinary diethyl dialkyl-phosphate metabolites · 618 children with CKD (CKiD cohort, US/Canada), mean 3.0 years follow-up	prospective cohort · PMID 33951537

Sources

Sarnak et al. Association of urinary injury biomarkers with mortality and cardiovascular events. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2014;25:1545-53.